Showing posts with label academic. Show all posts
Showing posts with label academic. Show all posts

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How to write research Paper reference list



Here is the 2nd part of your research. Now you have made your research paper. In the paper you may be used many secondary sources for your writing. You have to mention that reference list at the end of your research paper. You can tell this as bibliography. Here is a sample pattern of a research paper reference list






Example BIBLIOGRAPHY


1.      Barron, A.E., Hilbelink, A., Schullo, S., & Venable, M. (2007, December).
Selecting a Virtual Classroom System: Elluminate Live vs. Macromedia Breeze. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 3 (4) . Retrieved March 22, 2012 , from http://jolt.merlot.org/documents/hilbelink.pdf

This article presents the analysis of two online, synchronous learning solutions (Elluminate
Live and Breeze), focusing on their  abilities to meet both technical and pedagogical
needs in higher education.

2.      Johnston, J., Killion, J., & Oomen, J. ( 2005 , April ).
Student Satisfaction in the virtual classroom. The internet Journal of Allied Health Science & Practice. 3 (2). Retrieved March 22, 2012, from http://ijahsp.nova.edu/articles/vol3num2/johnston.pdf

This article is literature review that identifies contributor to student satisfaction with online instructions. Key among these contributors is the flexibility within the course and contract with the instructors.

3.      Bothelo, G. ( 2004, August 13 ). Online schools clicking with students.

This article presents a statistical report of the students that includes non school going, school going & e learners. This article also present the real situation of the demand of online classroom.

4.      Concelman, J., & Phelps, M. (n. d. ). Breaking the webinar mindset for effective virtual training.

This article is about author personal survey on the web about weinar vs virtual classroom environment. It also tell about the basic of a virtual classroom and its challenge.

5.      Fallon, G. (2011, December).
Exploring the Virtual Classroom: What Students Need to Know (and Teachers Should Consider) MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7 (4) . Retrieved March 22, 2012 , from http://jolt.merlot.org/documents/

This study explores the affordances and limitations of an online virtual classroom, Adobe Connect Pro, when used in the learning programmes of two groups of undergraduate and postgraduate education students.

6.      Schullo, S., Siekman, S., & Szydlo, S. (2003, November).
Distance education systems: Choosing the right solution? Paper presented at E­Learn 2003 World Conference on E­Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, Phoenix, AZ.

This paper tell about the new era of online classroom. What the benefits of online classroom and whats its challenge. It also tell about the choice of our education system and the future classroom.

7.      Lewis, Regina. (2003)  Earning a Degree Online.

This post says about the student preference of online classroom . Why student like online classroom? This post mention some point on online classroom.


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Higher study in England (UK)


Higher study in England is going to be tougher day by day. There was no expense in England a couple of years ago. But today in most of the courses a tuition fee is included. Here a short analysis for higher study in England.


The Degrees are

1. Bachelor's degree
2. Master’s degree
3. MBA degree
4. Doctoral Degree
5. Higher National Diploma
6. Vocational Course
7. Certificates and diplomas, such as the Postgraduate Certificate in Education (PGCE), the Postgraduate Diploma (PG Dip) & Postgraduate Certificate (PG Cert)

Semester Offer

1. Autumn semester: September to January.
2. Spring semester: January to June.

Requirements for Bachelor's Program

A. Academic
1. At least 12 years of education (HSC equivalent).

B. Language Proficiency
1. Higher National Diploma: 5.5 to 6.0 in IELTS
2. Foundation Degree: 5.5 to 6.0 in IELTS
3. Diploma of Higher Education: 5.5 to 6.0 in IELTS
4. Bachelor: 6.0 to 6.5 in IELTS

C. Course Length
1. Bachelor's Degree: usually takes 3 to 4 years of full-time study.
2. Law and Medicine degrees usually takes 5 years.
3. Architecture degrees take 7 years.

Requirements for Master's Program

A. Academic
1. At least 16 years of education.

B. Language Proficiency
1. Pre-master's: 5.0 to 5.5 in IELTS
2. PG Cert/PG Dip: 6.5 to 7.0 in IELTS
3. Master's degree: 6.5 to 7.0 in IELTS
7. MBA: 6.5 to 7.0 in IELTS
8. PhD: 6.5 to 7.0 in IELTS

C. Course Length
1. Master's Degree: Approx. 1 to 3 years of full-time study.
2. PhD Degree: Takes approx. 3 to 4 years of full time study.

Subjects for Bachelor's & Master's Program

Applied & Pure Sciences, Built & Natural Environment, Computing & Mathematical Science, Engineering & Technology, Health & Medicine, Humanities, Law, Business & Administrative Studies, Social Sciences & Communications, Travel, Tourism & Leisure, Creative Arts & Design, MBA, PRE-MASTER'S.

Expenses

A. Tuition Fees in £
Foundation courses: £4,000 to £12,000 per year
Arts courses: £7,000 to £9,000 per year
Science courses: £7,500 to £12,000 per year
Clinical courses: £10,000 to £21,000 per year
MBA: £4,000 to more than £30,000 per year

B. Living & Other in £
1. Food / Household shopping £40 to £60 per week.
2. University Halls of Residence £80 to £100 per week.
3. Private Rented house £75 to £100 per week.
4. Public Transport £6 to £20 per week.
6. Books and Equipment £12 per week.
7. Entertainment £62 per week.

How to apply to the University

1. Check with the departments to see if there is a closing date for your application.
2. You should write directly to the Institution's Admission Office for detailed application information and forms.
3. You can also download application form from university website.
4. Some universities have an on-line application facility.
5. Admission Office will inform you about the documentation, translation, and visa requirements.
5. You should start at least one year in advance to compile the necessary information and documentation.
6. The decision of the institution is usually announced within approximately six to eight months of the application deadline.

Supporting Documents

1. Official English version of all educational documents including marks sheets.
2. Your school leaving certificate or diploma from a high school or (upper) secondary school .
2. Your marks sheet, which indicates the grading system of the institution .
3. The test score of a language test you have taken.
4. Copy of your passport.
7. Reference letter.
8. Please note that all copies must be certified by a public notary.

Other Information

A. Health Service
1. Students studying for more than six months can visit any National Health hospital or doctor for medical treatment, free of charge.
2. You may have to pay for any medication you are prescribed and dental treatment.

B. Working in UK
1. Students have to submit their passport that allows them to work part-time during the term up to 20 hours a week and and up to 36 hours per week during college/university holidays.
2. Full-time during the vacations.

C. Credit Transfer Facility
1. Students may apply for credit transfer program at undergraduate or postgraduate level in England.
2. The maximum amount of credit that may be granted normally is not greater than 50% of the course.
3. Most of the British universities consider minimum "B" grade for acceptance.
4. You have to submit the following documents to your target university:
a. Your application form for the Undergraduate or Postgraduate coursework program
b. Official copies of your academic transcript
c. Also include an official letter from head of the school/department of your university, from where you have already completed the courses.
d. Detailed course outlines (Official Copy) including subject descriptions, methods of teaching and assessment, reading lists, number of hours of teaching etc.
e. The academic level you are studying (e.g. First Year, Second Year etc.)
f. How many credits you have completed
g. An explanation of the grading system used at your institution.
h. Information on the total units of study requirement ( i.e. how many credits are required) for the completion of the degree.

D. Scholarships
1) There is a huge number of scholarship available on the International Scholarship Database of VarsityAdmission.COM site
2) Commonwealth Scholarship And Fellowship Plan
3) British Council Fellowship Programmes

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Higher study in Finland


Higher study in Finland is going to be tougher day by day. There was no expense in Finland a couple of years ago. But today in most of the courses a tuition fee is included. Here a short analysis for higher study in Finland.


The Degrees are

  1. Bachelor's Degree
  2. Master's Degree
  3. Doctoral Degree

Semester Offer

Autumn semester: August to December
Spring semester: January to July

Requirements for Bachelor's Program

A. Academic
At least 12 years of education (HSC equivalent).

B. Language Proficiency
In most cases, students must have good working knowledge of Finnish or Swedish.
For admission in English-taught universities, applicants should have IELTS band score of 5.5 to 6.0 or TOEFL CBT score 173 to 213 or TOEFL iBT score 61 to 80.
CAE/CPE (University of Cambridge Advanced Examination/Proficiency Examination) pass grades A, B or C

C. Course Length
Bachelor's Degree: Takes 3 to 4 years of full time study

Requirements for Master's Program

A. Academic
At least 16 years of education.

B. Language Proficiency
In most cases, students must have good working knowledge of Finnish or Swedish.
For admission in English-taught universities, applicants should have IELTS band score of 5.5 to 6.0 or TOEFL CBT score 173 to 213 or TOEFL iBT score 61 to 80.
 CAE/CPE (University of Cambridge Advanced Examination/Proficiency Examination) pass grades A, B or C.
PhD is taught in English.

C. Course Length
1. Master's Degree: Approx. 2 years of full time study
2. PhD Degree: Takes approx. 4 years of full time study

Subjects for Bachelor's & Master's Program

History, Archaeology, Comparative Religion, Cultural Anthropology, European Ethnology, Folkloristics, Life Philosophy, Museology, Art history, Comparative Literature, Creative Writing, Finnish Literature, Media Studies, Musicology, Women's Studies, Estonian Language and Culture, Finnish Language, Finnish Language and Culture (for foreigners), Finno-Ugric Languages, General Linguistics, Hungarian Language and Culture, Logopedics, Phonetics, English Translation Studies, North American Studies, Classical Languages and Culture, French Studies, French Translation Studies, Italian Studies, Romanian Language and Culture, Spanish Studies, Spanish Translation Studies, German Philology, German Translation Studies, Russian Studies, Scandinavian Languages, Biochemistry, Food Chemistry, Biotechnology, Biodiversity, Ecology, Environmental Science, Genetics and Physiology, Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Materials Chemistry and Chemical Analysis, Development Studies, Geology and Mineralogy, Quarternary Geology, Computer Science, Electronics Information Technology, Applied Mathematics, Mathematics, Industrial Physics, Materials Science, Optics and Spectroscopy, Space Research, Theoretical Physics, Wihuri Physical Laboratory, Anatomy, Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Physiology, Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Physics and Chemistry, Medical Genetics, Phytoestrogen Research Group, Medtekki, Electron Microscopy, Bacteriology and Serology, Forensic Medicine, Pathology, Virology, Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Biostatistics, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Child Psychiatry, Clinical Chemistry, Clinical Neurophysiology, Clinical Physiology, Clinical Positron Emission Tomography (Turku PET Center), Dermatology and Venereal Diseases Diagnostic Radiology, General Practice, Geriatrics, Internal Medicine, Juvenile Psychiatry, Neurology, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Occupational Health, Oncology and Radiotherapy, Ophthalmology, Otorhinolaryngology, Paediatrics, Paediatric Neurology, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Public Health, Pulmonary Diseases and Clinical Allergology, Surgery, Cariology, Oral Development and Orthodontics, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pediatric Dentistry, Periodontology, Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomaterials Science, Public Health Dentistry, Stomatognathic Physiology, Nursing Science, Law, Philosophy, Research Unit for the Sociology of Education, Contemporary History, The Research Project on the Finnish Parliament, Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Learning Research (CLR), Social Policy, Sociology, Economics, Statistics, Political Science, Institutions and Social Mechanisms (IASM), BBA, MBA, Education etc.


Expenses

A. Tuition Fees in $US
Normally there is no tuition fees in Finland

B. Living & Other Expense in $US
1. Student have to pay for food, housing, clothes, social life & incidental cost approx. $400 per month.

C. Health Service
1. Health services for university students are provided by the Finnish Student Health Service (FSHS).
2. Student health service cost is $25 to $75 per academic year.

D. Accommodation
1. Students are usually accommodated in a flat with a private room and a kitchen and toilet facilities shared with 2 to 3 other students.
2. The rent per month ranges from $110 to $200 for a room in a shared flat.

How to apply to the University

1. Check with the departments to see if there is a closing date for your application.
2. You should write directly to the Institution's Admission Office for detailed application information and forms.
3. Some universities have an on-line application facility, and you find information about it from the university websites.
4. Admissions office will inform you about the documentation, translation, and visa requirements.
5. You should start at least one year in advance to compile the necessary information and documentation.
6. The decision of the institution is usually announced within approximately six to eight months of the application deadline.

Supporting Documents

1. Official English version of all educational documents including marks sheets.
2. Your school/college leaving certificate.
3. English version of your all educational documents including mark sheet.
4. The test score of a language test you have taken
5. Motivation letter
6. Passport photo
7. Copy of your passport
8. Reference letter
9. Please note that all copies must be certified by a public notary

Other Information

A. Working in Finland:
1. University students are allowed to work for up to 20 hours per week without a work permit.
2. If you do not know Finnish, Norwegian, Russian or Swedish it can be very difficult to find a job.

B. Credit Transfer Facility
1. Students may apply for credit transfer program at undergraduate or postgraduate level in Finland.
2. The maximum amount of credit that may be granted normally is not greater than 50% of the course.
3. Most of the universities consider minimum "B" grade for acceptance.
4. You have to submit the following documents
to your target university:
a. Your application form for the Undergraduate or Postgraduate coursework program
b. Official copies of your academic transcript
c. Also include an official letter from head of the school/department of your university, from where you have already completed the courses.
d. Detailed course outlines (Official Copy) including subject descriptions, methods of teaching and assessment, reading lists, number of hours of teaching etc.
e. The academic level you are studying (e.g. First Year, Second Year etc.)
f. How many credits you have completed
g. An explanation of the grading system used at your institution.
h. Information on the total units of study requirement ( i.e. how many credits are required) for the completion of the degree.

C. Scholarships
1. There is a huge number of scholarship available on the International Scholarship Database of VarsityAdmission.COM site
2. Authorities to Contact for the Finnish Government Scholarship Pool Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport of the Czech Republic
3. Information of scholarship in Finland


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How to write a Research Proposal Paper



Here I will illustrate the proper format of writing a research proposal..Before starting your research you will have to write a formal proposal , which will have to given to the proper authority or to your faculty. Writing a research proposal is not like writing an application, a research proposal will have to be proper formatted and attractive. Today I am going to give you an example of a research proposal / proposal for survey. Feel free to follow it..

Research Proposal Format:

__________________________________________________________


Research Proposal : Preference of the virtual classroom over as usual physical classroom

Date: March 7, 2012
To: Your Faculty Name
From: YOUR NAME   ID: YOUR STUDENT ID   Eng.: 105   Sec: 10

Subject : Proposal to do a research on the preference of the virtual classroom over as usual physical classroom on students and teachers.

INTRODUCTION:
In the recent era of globalization, technological advancement has increased dramatically in every sphere including mainstream education. These advances have introduced new educational nomenclature i.e. “virtual education”, “virtual classroom”, “virtual Universities”, “on line Courses”, “electronic” and “cyberspace institution” etc. Virtual classrooms are becoming more popular these days, due to the fact that they are contributing as a primary solution to the challenges mentioned earlier. Learners and instructors can all connect into a virtual classroom at the same time through various devices like a computer, tablet, smart phone, or even a properly configured television. Combined with other technologies like webcams and VOIP, learners can see and hear in a similar fashion as if they were physically in the same room. This allows for real-time presentations, questions, answers, and peer to peer collaboration. None of the traditional facilitation techniques are lost. Surprisingly, with the use of virtual classroom technology, some of these techniques, like peer to peer interaction, are enhanced. The ability to come together in this virtual way saves organizations tens of thousands of dollars every year.
The focus of my research will be on how the virtual classroom environment effect on our existing education system, on our learning style. Are the students accept this as a catalyst of change? In this very busy world how this system replace our as usual physical classroom environment. A virtual classroom environment successfully mixes up different media inputs i.e., (a) face to face plus virtual classroom which can vary from adding system use to enrich on-campus courses conducted to traditional means; to distance courses where system, use is supplemented by one or two fact-to-face meetings (b) virtual classroom as the sole means of delivery, with the use of print media in the form of text books or course notes, and (c) multi-media i.e., virtual classroom plus video, audio or audio-graphic media. I would like to know how much demanding the solutions to the students. Can it replace the existing system? Or can it be the catalyst of the existing education system? What features do they need in this solution to get the best output? I hope to find answers to such questions through my research work.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS:
In this research I plan to investigate the impact of virtual classroom on the students. My research will address the following research questions:
  • What features should be integrated in a virtual classroom?
  • What are the advantage having a virtual classroom?
  • How virtual classroom can effect on our existing education system?
  • Can virtual classroom replace our as usual physical classroom?
  • Virtual classroom or physical classroom? Which classroom students prefer most for their learning?
  • Can virtual classroom save time and money?
  • Is virtual classroom more effective than physical classroom?
  • Is virtual classroom can bring the people of the world together?
  • How teachers can manage the class easily through virtual classrooms?

·     HHYPOTHESIS:
Virtual classrooms can be more accessible, flexible and convenient in their approach towards education, students and teachers. From my research I expect to find that student are happy to have a virtual classroom systems besides physical classroom system, may be in future it will replace the existing education system. Virtual learning environment encourages freedom of expression and students are more open to communicate and express opinion and would often thrive in these environments. I think online courses support critical thinking skills, leadership, communication, problem solving and ethics. I believe that the students ‘should prefer the delivery mode and work at their own pace and take time to analyze and synthesize the learning materials. It is obvious that students take online classes because they are able to get the course schedule they want to fulfill the degree requirements. Moreover, multimedia use has made the virtual learning more interesting and lively, thus has paved the way for fulfilling the emerging needs of higher education. I also think that online courses offer more flexibility, convenience and access to students. Virtual classrooms promote collaborative learning attitude among students. Through Web based learning, vast amount of information can be searched, reorganized and downloaded from decentralized worldwide digital libraries. Also the quick delivery feedback ability of the Web can make learning more effective (Liaw 2000). I expect that students and teachers find this future classroom very useful for our education.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
For my primary research I will conduct a survey of the students and teachers of various universities in Dhaka. I interview the experts and the teachers and students who are familiar with the term of virtual classroom and find it useful. For a better result I will also do a online survey to many students groups, teacher groups and the alumni groups through different social media. To the end I will design a questionnaire with different types of questions so as to get a range of useful data which will help me to answer my research questions.
For my secondary research, I plan to use the resources of the library. I will also browse the internet and use the standard search engine like google to find many relative journals, articles etc. I also plan to consult with different software companies who are now building this solution.

ORGANIZATION:
My paper will be divided into several sections, the most important of which are the Introduction, Comparison, Benefits, Data representation and analysis, and Summary of Findings. Within the sections my organization will be based on my research questions.

TIMETABLE:
I hope to complete my primary research by the end of March, and my secondary research also within this period of time. I shall complete writing the final draft of my research paper by early April, and submit it by the specified deadline towards the end of this semester.

REQUEST FOR APPROVAL:
I hereby request your approval for my research proposal. If you wish me to modify or improve my proposal , I will submit it after incorporating the necessary changes. I will also be grateful for your advice and help in conducting my research and completing the project.



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